{"items":["5fda757d560e0100177f0795","5fda757d560e0100177f0796","5fda757d560e0100177f0798"],"styles":{"galleryType":"Columns","groupSize":1,"showArrows":true,"cubeImages":true,"cubeType":"max","cubeRatio":1.7777777777777777,"isVertical":true,"gallerySize":30,"collageAmount":0,"collageDensity":0,"groupTypes":"1","oneRow":false,"imageMargin":5,"galleryMargin":0,"scatter":0,"rotatingScatter":"","chooseBestGroup":true,"smartCrop":false,"hasThumbnails":false,"enableScroll":true,"isGrid":true,"isSlider":false,"isColumns":false,"isSlideshow":false,"cropOnlyFill":false,"fixedColumns":0,"enableInfiniteScroll":true,"isRTL":false,"minItemSize":50,"rotatingGroupTypes":"","rotatingCropRatios":"","columnWidths":"","gallerySliderImageRatio":1.7777777777777777,"numberOfImagesPerRow":3,"numberOfImagesPerCol":1,"groupsPerStrip":0,"borderRadius":0,"boxShadow":0,"gridStyle":0,"mobilePanorama":false,"placeGroupsLtr":true,"viewMode":"preview","thumbnailSpacings":4,"galleryThumbnailsAlignment":"bottom","isMasonry":false,"isAutoSlideshow":false,"slideshowLoop":false,"autoSlideshowInterval":4,"bottomInfoHeight":0,"titlePlacement":["SHOW_ON_THE_RIGHT","SHOW_BELOW"],"galleryTextAlign":"center","scrollSnap":false,"itemClick":"nothing","fullscreen":true,"videoPlay":"hover","scrollAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","slideAnimation":"SCROLL","scrollDirection":0,"scrollDuration":400,"overlayAnimation":"FADE_IN","arrowsPosition":0,"arrowsSize":23,"watermarkOpacity":40,"watermarkSize":40,"useWatermark":true,"watermarkDock":{"top":"auto","left":"auto","right":0,"bottom":0,"transform":"translate3d(0,0,0)"},"loadMoreAmount":"all","defaultShowInfoExpand":1,"allowLinkExpand":true,"expandInfoPosition":0,"allowFullscreenExpand":true,"fullscreenLoop":false,"galleryAlignExpand":"left","addToCartBorderWidth":1,"addToCartButtonText":"","slideshowInfoSize":200,"playButtonForAutoSlideShow":false,"allowSlideshowCounter":false,"hoveringBehaviour":"NEVER_SHOW","thumbnailSize":120,"magicLayoutSeed":1,"imageHoverAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imagePlacementAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","calculateTextBoxWidthMode":"PERCENT","textBoxHeight":26,"textBoxWidth":200,"textBoxWidthPercent":65,"textImageSpace":10,"textBoxBorderRadius":0,"textBoxBorderWidth":0,"loadMoreButtonText":"","loadMoreButtonBorderWidth":1,"loadMoreButtonBorderRadius":0,"imageInfoType":"ATTACHED_BACKGROUND","itemBorderWidth":0,"itemBorderRadius":0,"itemEnableShadow":false,"itemShadowBlur":20,"itemShadowDirection":135,"itemShadowSize":10,"imageLoadingMode":"BLUR","expandAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imageQuality":90,"usmToggle":false,"usm_a":0,"usm_r":0,"usm_t":0,"videoSound":false,"videoSpeed":"1","videoLoop":true,"jsonStyleParams":"","gallerySizeType":"px","gallerySizePx":1000,"allowTitle":true,"allowContextMenu":true,"textsHorizontalPadding":-30,"itemBorderColor":{"themeName":"color_12","value":"rgba(197,197,197,0)"},"showVideoPlayButton":true,"galleryLayout":2,"calculateTextBoxHeightMode":"MANUAL","targetItemSize":1000,"selectedLayout":"2|bottom|1|max|true|0|true","layoutsVersion":2,"selectedLayoutV2":2,"isSlideshowFont":true,"externalInfoHeight":26,"externalInfoWidth":0.65},"container":{"width":300,"galleryWidth":305,"galleryHeight":0,"scrollBase":0,"height":null}}
美國去年近4萬人死於槍下,你知道誰在投資上市槍械商嗎?

美國槍支暴力問題愈演愈烈。據美國疾病控制和預防中心(CDC)發表的最新數據顯示,去年全美近4萬人死於槍下,創下近40年來新高。平均每天有109人成為槍下亡魂。同時,美國去年亦有2.4萬人用槍自殺,數字亦創下18年來的新高。
美國疾病控制和預防中心的數據顯示,全美去年有3.97萬人死於槍口下,當中6成自殺,其餘4成則是死於槍殺。以種族比例而言,白人男性以槍自殺的比例最高,每10萬人當中有14人吞槍自盡,高於黑人男性的6.1人的比例。
數據還顯示,全美用槍自殺率最高的州份分別是阿拉斯加州、蒙大拿州及懷俄明州。有主張槍械管制的組織分析師表示,家中擁有槍械會導致自殺機率增加兩倍。
不過,一向反對槍支管控的美國全國步槍協會(NRA)在推特上發文稱,槍械管制並不能解決槍支暴力問題,呼籲美國領袖們停止妖魔化NRA的成員,並找出解決方法,拯救更多生命。 誰在投資上市槍械制造商?
美國最大的三家槍械制造商除了破產的雷明頓以外,儒格(Sturm Ruger )以及佛羅裏達州校園槍擊案中被使用的半自動步槍生產商美國戶外品牌公司(American Outdoor Brands)都是上市公司。
他們的股票大多都是資產管理公司持有,恐怕很多實際上的股東都不知道自己投資組合的一部分就是這些槍械制造商。以一年生產了131萬支槍的美國戶外品牌公司為例,其最大的前5名股票持有者都是基金。擁有200億美元資產的共同基金公司Invesco發行的小盤股基金,在2017年年底持有美國戶外品牌公司8.5%的股份;緊隨其後的大股東是iShare發行國防和航空基金,擁有其7%的股份。擁有1631億美元資產的佛羅裏達退休基金聲明,他們通過投資各種基金擁有53萬美元價值的美國戶外品牌公司股票。
一年生產164萬支槍的儒格公司股東情況也極其類似。它最大的前5名股票持有者也都是基金。iShare發行國防和航空基金,在2017年年底持有儒格公司5.89%的股份,其次是弗吉尼亞州教育基金,擁有儒格公司5.35%的股票。在華盛頓遊行呼籲禁槍的弗吉尼亞學生可能並不知道,父母為他們存下的教育基金裏就有一部分投入了他們反對的行業。美國退休金管理巨頭Vanguard旗下的價值公司基金和旗下一系列小型公司基金都持有儒格公司股份, Vanguard旗下各種基金加在一起至少持有9.5%的儒格公司股份。
投資人很少真正去研究自己投資基金的年報,所以很多人在不知不覺中成為槍械制造商的股東。美國民用槍械年產值巨大,牽涉的利益和人也非常龐大,“全美步槍協會”就是其中最為著名的遊說集團。